What is THC?

THC Chemical Structure

Tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC, is the primary psychoactive compound found in the cannabis plant. It is responsible for the “high” that many users experience when consuming marijuana. It is one of the two major cannabinoids in the cannabis plant, along with CBD (cannabidiol). However, since it causes a high, there are also many misconceptions about THC.

THC has been a subject of considerable interest and research owing to its wide range of effects on the human body and mind.

The Basics of THC

THC is one of over 100 cannabinoids identified in the cannabis plant. It was first isolated in the 1960s and has since been the focus of extensive scientific study.

Using a THC Vape pen is the quickest way for THC to enter the bloodstream; it primarily interacts with the endocannabinoid system, a complex cell-signalling system in the human body. This interaction produces THC’s characteristic effects, including euphoria, altered perceptions, and increased appetite.

Pros of THC

One of the most well-known benefits of THC is its ability to induce feelings of euphoria and relaxation. This made it popular for recreational use and also provided therapeutic benefits for individuals suffering from conditions like anxiety and depression (1).

THC was effective in managing chronic pain. It interacted with cannabinoid receptors in the brain and nervous system, which could reduce pain signals. It is due to THC that medical cannabis or even marijuana is better for pain control compared to CBD isolate.

THC was known for stimulating appetite, often called “the munchies.” This effect was particularly beneficial for patients undergoing treatments like chemotherapy, which often caused severe appetite loss and weight loss (2).

Another significant benefit of THC is its antiemetic properties, meaning it could reduce nausea and vomiting. This was especially useful for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (3).

THC has sedative effects that could help with sleep disorders like insomnia. It promoted a sense of relaxation and made it easier for users to fall asleep and stay asleep.

Cons of THC

While the psychoactive effects of THC were enjoyable for many, they could be a disadvantage for others. High doses of THC could cause paranoia, anxiety, and panic attacks, especially in individuals who are sensitive to these effects.

THC could impair cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and learning. These effects are more pronounced with high doses.

Regular use of THC could lead to the development of tolerance, where users need increasing amounts to achieve the same effects. This could potentially lead to dependency. While not as severe as the dependencies associated with substances like opioids or alcohol, it is a significant concern.

THC is generally categorized as a controlled substance. So, it is not legal to possess THC. Its recreational use is prohibited.

There was always a potential for abuse with any psychoactive substance, and THC was no exception. Some individuals use THC excessively, which could lead to negative physical, mental, and social consequences.

Conclusion

THC is a complex compound with a range of effects that could be both beneficial and detrimental. Its ability to induce euphoria, relieve pain, stimulate appetite, reduce nausea, and aid sleep made it valuable for both recreational and medicinal use.

References

  1. Gold M. Medicinal Marijuana, Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: Primum non nocere. Mo Med. 2020;117(5):406–11.
  2. Medicine (US) I of, Joy JE, Stanley J. Watson J, John A. Benson J. The Medical Value of Marijuana and Related Substances. In: Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base [Internet]. National Academies Press (US); 1999 [cited 2024 Jul 18]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230711/
  3. Taylor BN, Mueller M, Sauls RS. Cannaboinoid Antiemetic Therapy. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2024 Jul 18]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535430/